PREMATURITY AND NERVE DAMAGE

A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is called a pre-term infant.

Cause

The causes of most premature deliveries are unknown but certain conditions are associated with early labour. Malformations of the womb, an incompetent cervix, early breaking of the waters (premature rupture of membranes), multiple pregnancy (e.g. twins), and maternal diabetes or an acute illness in the mother, are all more likely to result in premature labour.

Clinical features

Premature babies are generally immature. They are smaller than full-term babies and usually require special care. Tiny babies may need intensive care. In general, premature babies are more prone to develop breathing problems, cardiovascular problems, anaemia, jaundice, feeding problems, low levels of calcium and glucose, hypothermia (low body temperature), and infection due to an immature immune system. With new sophisticated techniques available to highly skilled paediatric staff, most premature babies do very well nowadays, and do not suffer any long-term consequences. If your premature baby is at major risk of developing complications, he will usually be transferred to a hospital that has a neonatal intensive care nursery.

Nerve damage

If a nerve has been stretched during the baby’s passage through the birth canal, it may result in temporary weakness of certain muscles. This is more common in breech deliveries or if your pelvis is small and the baby is large. If the baby has been delivered by forceps, damage may have occurred to a nerve supplying one side of the face. The baby may not be able to move one side of the face very well. This usually improves without treatment after several weeks.

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