Ишемическая болезнь сердца-Ischemic heart disease

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Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the tonsils, and is part of the spectrum of upper respiratory tract infections in children.

Cause

Tonsillitis is caused most often by one of the common viruses, but sometimes it can be caused by a germ (bacterium). It is often impossible to distinguish between viral and bacterial infection. For this reason, many doctors will treat tonsillitis with a course of antibiotics, or even an injection.

Clinical features

The child will complain of a sore throat and sometimes of difficulty in swallowing. There may be a fever and the glands in the neck may be enlarged and tender. Very often he will have a headache, a runny nose and many of the symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection as described above. The symptoms usually improve after a few days and disappear within a week.

Sometimes the doctor may order a throat swab to determine whether a virus or bacterium is causing the infection, and occasionally a blood test may be helpful. No other tests are generally useful or indicated.

Treatment

If the infection is a viral one, no specific treatment is necessary. However, it is often difficult clinically to distinguish between an infection caused by a virus and one due to a germ, so the doctor will often prescribe a course of antibiotics. This is given in the form of a mixture, tablets or capsules to be taken by mouth. Very occasionally, if the child is sick or has difficulty swallowing, the antibiotics are given by injection, but this is not usually necessary.

General treatment is similar to that suggested for a cold. Gargling with warm salt water may ease a sore throat, as will frequent warm drinks and lozenges. Specific food (e.g. ice cream and jelly) has no proven value, except that the child enjoys it.

When to see your doctor

See upper respiratory tract infection (colds).

Prevention

There is no effective way to prevent tonsillitis.

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A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is called a pre-term infant.

Cause

The causes of most premature deliveries are unknown but certain conditions are associated with early labour. Malformations of the womb, an incompetent cervix, early breaking of the waters (premature rupture of membranes), multiple pregnancy (e.g. twins), and maternal diabetes or an acute illness in the mother, are all more likely to result in premature labour.

Clinical features

Premature babies are generally immature. They are smaller than full-term babies and usually require special care. Tiny babies may need intensive care. In general, premature babies are more prone to develop breathing problems, cardiovascular problems, anaemia, jaundice, feeding problems, low levels of calcium and glucose, hypothermia (low body temperature), and infection due to an immature immune system. With new sophisticated techniques available to highly skilled paediatric staff, most premature babies do very well nowadays, and do not suffer any long-term consequences. If your premature baby is at major risk of developing complications, he will usually be transferred to a hospital that has a neonatal intensive care nursery.

Nerve damage

If a nerve has been stretched during the baby’s passage through the birth canal, it may result in temporary weakness of certain muscles. This is more common in breech deliveries or if your pelvis is small and the baby is large. If the baby has been delivered by forceps, damage may have occurred to a nerve supplying one side of the face. The baby may not be able to move one side of the face very well. This usually improves without treatment after several weeks.

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“I can’t help feeling that I am doing something wrong when I have sex. Years of upbringing can’t be overcome. I’m still a Catholic boy at heart.”

ANSWER: There is no need to overcome those important years. The idea is to incorporate your feelings and memories and values from those years into your sexual life. If this seems almost impossible, I suggest you consult a clergyperson. Examination of belief and value systems is a key part of developing super marital sex for all couples, so your orientation gives you a head start here. The challenge will be in learning a new sexuality that is comfortable and nonoffensive to you both. I can assure you that in the years I have been doing therapy, I have never encountered a religious system that prohibits sensitive, caring intimacy between married people. The problem is usually not the religion, but the religiosity, the way it was taught and not what was taught. We must learn to look for the deeper messages in our value system, the messages about and not against sexual intimacy.

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We have discovered the ultimate reason for all diseases: poisoning of our body beyond its capacity to purify itself.

Nearly 100% of such poisoning comes from our diet. We basically poison ourselves, simply because we do not care about what we eat.

In view of the above, our diet requires a basic revision

The wisdom of many civilisations in the past was expressed in their diet. Two key items in the diet are common for all civilisations without exception, from ancient India to modern Georgia :

1. PURE AIR

2. PURE WATER (from the spring)

I have not heard anyone objecting to this. However, the word to which we should pay special attention is pure.

Unfortunately, the criteria for purity have become quite arbitrary nowadays. The prevailing doctrine is, that there is a threshold of pollution in the water, which is acceptable and safe for humans to consume. Medical Authorities generally accept and recommend the chemical treatment of water, leaving chlorine and other chemicals in it. Poisons are added

(fluoride), in the name of sterilisation and safety of supply, despite the fact that their toxicity is beyond doubt, and they accumulate in our body causing chronic diseases (arthritis). Municipal water also contains heavy metals from pipes, pumps etc., traces of herbicides, pesticides and other chemicals. It is very difficult to obtain information about the levels of such ingredients in our water from the relevant authorities. They would prefer that we do not know and believe that the water is OK.

Do not consume such water. Do not use it for tea, soup on even in cooking. Use water obtained from natural springs. Alternatively, filter the municipal water yourself. Do not use chemical filters. They may initially work, but eventually they may leave even more chemicals in the water you drink. The best are multi-stage paper and active carbon filters, with the final stage that uses a reverse osmosis ceramic membrane. The process of reverse osmosis imitates the function of a natural spring: water runs over a stone (ceramic element) and minute quantities filter slowly through. For home installation, the rate is quite slow: about half a litre per hour. There are systems available, which store about 10 litres of filtered water under light pressure, ready for the immediate use.

Note, that most of the beverages, including fruit juices from concentrates, contain municipal tap water. It would be much better if you squeezed the juice yourself from fresh fruits, or bought the frozen concentrate and diluted it yourself with spring or filtered water.

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Most are related to the gastro-intestinal tract, but the cause may be apart from this. It may occur from other areas of the abdomen such as the gallbladder or the pancreas or the liver or it may be due to a rise in blood pressure.

It could even be due to the presence of circulating toxins, poisons or drugs in the system. The commonest cause of indigestion originates in the stomach. This is a gastritis or inflammation of this organ.

This may be due to infection either from contaminated food or passed on from another person. It may arise from irritation from too much food, too rich a food, or from such things as pickles or spices. It may be caused by the irritation of too much alcohol, tea or coffee or cigarette smoke.

It may be due to the irritation of the stomach from aspirin or the anti-inflammatory drugs used in rheumatism and arthritis. Or the gastritis may occur as the result of stress or nervous tension.

An ulcer may form in the stomach or the duodenum, which is the first part of the small bowel, and the symptoms of this may be exactly the same as with the gastritis.

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These drugs are bacteriostatic — that is, they do not kill the germ but inhibit its growth, and the body’s own defence mechanism can then overcome the infection.

They still have some advantages in that they readily cross from the blood into the fluid inside the brain and spinal cord, which many newer antibiotics don’t. They are thus useful in treating bacterial meningitis, an infection of the covering membranes of the brain.

Insoluble forms, which are not absorbed, are used to sterilise the bowel.

Some people become sensitised to the sulphonamides and can develop an allergic rash or other allergic symptoms.

A recently developed antibiotic combines a sul-phonamide with an antibiotic of the tetracycline group, trimethoprim.

These complement each other’s action to a considerable degree and make the drug bacteriocidal in some circumstances — that is, it kills the germ rather than inhibiting its growth.

This antibiotic is marketed in Australia as Septrin and Bactrim.

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Zinc is one of the most important minerals in our diet and has antioxidant properties. Two hundred enzyme reactions in the body require zinc, some being the production of protein and tissue. This is why it is such an important mineral for growth and healing.

It is important for healing wounds and skin disorders such as acne and herpes, formation of the bones, the health of the immune system, slowing down the aging process, the sexual development of adolescents and the sexual function of men.

Men can lose up to 1 mg of zinc each time they ejaculate. Zinc may help prevent the enlargement of the prostate gland as it is believed to regulate the metabolism of testosterone.

It is also now thought a zinc deficiency may contribute to anorexia nervosa.

There is a deficiency of zinc in Australian soils and so there is a need to both eat foods which are high in zinc and to supplement the diet with zinc up to 15 mg a day. Signs of a deficiency include: white spots under the nails; skin disorders such as acne; slow healing of wounds; retarded growth and slow sexual development in children, loss of appetite, confused sense of taste, smell and sight; low resistance to infections indicating poor immune response and low sex drive which could lead to prostate problems in later life for men.

Diabetics excrete zinc excessively. Alcohol inhibits the absorption of zinc from the gut and alcoholics always have a zinc deficiency. Vegetarians are also prone to zinc deficiency as a result of a high roughage diet and poor absorption of the mineral from the gut.

Zinc is found in eggs, liver, oysters, beef, chicken, fish, wheat, rice, legumes, corn, Brazil nuts, sesame seeds and pumpkin seeds.

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Not long ago, a Bulgarian political refugee in London died three days after a mysterious stranger jabbed him in the leg with a sharpened umbrella tip. Autopsy revealed a minute hollow pellet deep in his wound that, it was believed, contained a fatal poison.

From the nature of his slow death, it was determined that this substance was ricin, an intensely toxic substance (more poisonous than snake venom) present in the castor oil bean. It is not present in castor oil but remains in the bean “cake” after the oil has been extracted. The cake can be rendered safe for human consumption by cooking and is used as staple food in several parts of the world, including Mexico.

Mexicans and Caribbean islanders employ the attractive looking castor oil bean to make necklaces and other jewelry for the tourist trade. According to Toxicology, there have been serious reactions and deaths when people have eaten one of these beans or have merely crushed one in their fingers and subsequently put their fingers in their mouths. Ricin causes drastic purging with bloody diarrhea, shivering, fever, violent vomiting, and shock. Even a minute trace in a scratch can be fatal. So, when shopping abroad for trinkets, avoid buying castor oil bean jewelry.

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Signs and symptoms

Heat rash consists of hundreds of tiny pinhead eruptions, each surrounding a skin pore. These eruptions may look like small pink or red bumps or like tiny water blisters. They are moderately itchy and may show scratch marks. If you look at the rash with a magnifying glass in good light, each dot of heat rash can be seen at the mouth of a pore from a sweat gland.

The rash usually appears on the cheeks, neck, or shoulders, in skin creases, and in the nappy area. It frequently appears if the child has been wearing a wet bathing suit. Hot humid conditions, perspiration, and overdressing are further clues that the rash is heat rash.

Home care

Infants and children are safest from heat rash in an air-conditioned environment. Keep a child with heat rash as cool as possible. Cool baths, or baby powder or corn flour applied lightly with a powder puff, help ease the condition. If the heat rash is on your baby’s face, rest the child’s face on an absorbent pad in the crib. During warm weather, using prickly heat powders may give some relief.

Precautions

• Be careful with powder. If a baby inhales a large amount of powder, inflammation of the lungs can occur.

• Detergents and bleaches in clothing and bed linens may aggravate heat rash.

• Bubble baths, water softeners, and oily lotions should be avoided.

• Do not overdress the child. The clothing that’s appropriate to the weather for you is also appropriate for the baby.

Medical treatment

A doctor’s treatment is not necessary. Heat rash can be adequately and safely treated at home.

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It seems like we’ll do anything for kicks. Careen down rocky mountain trails on a bicycle? You bet. Strap skis to our feet and get dragged behind a boat? Sounds like a blast. Surprisingly (and fortunately), as reckless and dangerous as the activities we call sport may sound, they don’t often kill us. More often, they just beat the crap out of us.

Plenty of weekend warriors are injured in sports like basketball, bicycling, football, and Softball. They’re rarely deadly, but collectively, they report astronomical injury rates, which is where the trouble really lies. We hardly have to tell you that, even if injuries don’t kill you, they can sure take their toll on your body over time. And serious injuries, such as those to the head, neck, or back, can cause permanent debilitating problems like brain damage and paralysis.

“That’s why we encourage people to take just a few minor precautions during their recreational activities,” says Dr. Jeffrey Sacks of the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

By following a few basic rules, you can put your safest foot forward next time you step out to play.

Put the beer on ice. Alcohol is an enormous factor in recreational injuries, Dr. Sacks says. So don’t be stupid. “When you’re drowning from a waterskiing incident because you’re drunk, that’s no accident. That’s preventable. Save the beer for afterward,” says Dr. Sacks.

Get in gear. “Some men always seem surprised by their concussions, as if you can’t bruise your brain playing backyard football,” Dr. Sacks says. “A helmet is the best protection you can get for riskier activities, especially football, biking, and other wheel sports like inline skating.”

Take charge. We have a whole industry devoted to “adventure travel” where people do relatively risky activities rather safely, says Dr. Alton Thygerson of Brigham Young University and the National Safety Council’s First-Aid Institute. “That’s because the folks in charge know what they’re doing. You can help prevent being another accident statistic by learning the fundamentals of an activity before you start, especially ones that involve some risk like water sports or mountain biking.”

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The stress phobic must snap out of his or her depression before progress can be made in dealing with fears of confrontation, rejection and failure. All the affirmations, especially those for happiness, success and self-respect, should be repeated over and over again every day. This affirmation, too, should be a part of the stress phobic’s daily regimen:

All things are now working together for health, happiness, success and love in my life. Each morning is the start of an exciting new day, a fresh new look at the world. Every day brings more opportunities for me to assert myself and make my world a wonderful place to be.

To help build confidence in their ability to deal with the stresses of everyday life, I often give this affirmation to my stress-phobic patients:

I am a confident and extremely capable person. People really respect and like me. I have interesting, worthwhile and challenging goals. I am a success!

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The Walking President

President Harry Truman had a regimen of brisk walking. He walked at the Army pace: 110 steps per minute. Reporters would often follow, throwing questions at him as they huffed and puffed along. They used to complain that he was walking too fast for them, even though they were younger than he was. When he came back to Washington for a visit he was in his 70′s: the reporters who were following him on his walk still had difficulty keeping up with him.

The Formula for Success

Twenty five minutes of nonstop, brisk walking, four days a week, will boost your immune system, strengthen your heart and lungs, lower cholesterol levels, raise your HDL (good) cholesterol, tone your leg muscles, help control your weight and fight high blood pressure.

But 25 minutes a day, four days a week, isn’t enough brisk walking to burn 2,000 calories a week. That’s why it’s very important to combine your regular brisk-walking sessions with lots of spontaneous brisk walks to the store, around the neighborhood, up and down stairs, visiting your nearby friends and so on. Look for ways to add steps each day.

Walking Relieves Back Pain

Walking is actually good for your lower back. Standing up or walking is easier on your back than sitting down; the mechanical load is less. Most of my patients with lower-back pain report that regular walking helps relieve the pain. Furthermore, it helps reduce the distress and frustration that is caused by the pain.

Sometimes I have my lower-back-problem patients begin by walking slowly and gently, or walking only on soft, grassy surfaces. But soon, most of them are able and eager to walk briskly and get all the other benefits of this simple but very effective aerobic exercise.

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Is the deficit of a vitamin or two all that harmful? After all, you never hear of anyone in this country dying from a lack of vitamin C or iron. Death certificates rarely state that the cause of death was nutrient deficiency. But as a physician I can tell you that many illnesses and deaths are caused by, or related to, nutrient imbalances. It may be lack of certain vitamins and minerals, or it may be excess fat, cholesterol or sugar that’s the culprit. A shortage or excess of even one nutrient can knock your immune system off balance. While your immune system totters, you’re more susceptible to disease. I’ve treated thousands of patients whose problems were related to a nutrient-starved immune system.

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Our “doctor within” is also forced to deal with the multitude of environmental pollutants that abound in our chemical world. When I taught a class in Physical Diagnosis to a group of medical students, I used to paraphrase Hippocrates: “When you go to patients’ houses, you should ask them what sort of pains they have, what brought them on, how many days they have been ill, are their bowels working and what sort of food do they eat?” Today we have to ask an additional question: What toxins (poisons) are you exposed to in your home and workplace? We live in an environment saturated with man-made chemicals, many of them very dangerous to our health. They’re in our food, our air, our water, our homes, our clothes, our cars, our offices.

I see more and more people who are complaining of vague symptoms and recurrent illnesses that can be traced to the chemical poisoning of our immune system. Laboratory test results often show high levels of pesticides, solvents and other toxic chemicals in patients. Lead, mercury, chloroform, DDT, DDE and many other substances have a depressing effect upon the “doctor within.” Quite often the symptoms—fatigue, loss of energy, forgetfulness, personality changes, depression—give us only general clues as to the identity of the culprit.

How much is too much? When it comes to chemical poisoning of the body, we just don’t know. New chemical compounds are being introduced at a fast and furious pace. If scientists were to start conducting the rigorous tests they should have been doing all along, they would probably never catch up with all the new chemicals.

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New evidence suggests that the drug tamoxifen may help reduce the spinal bone loss which is common in post-menopausal women. In a recent study at the University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center in Madison, researchers found that the spine density of several post-menopausal women taking tamoxifen increased by more than half of one percent a year. Another group of postmenopausal women who took a placebo experienced a decrease in spine density of one percent a year.

Earlier research had already shown that the drug lowers cholesterol levels and that it may also prevent breast-cancer recurrence.

The National Cancer Institute is conducting a clinical trial in an effort to find out if long-term use of tamoxifen can protect women who are at high risk for breast cancer from developing the disease, and to study other effects of the drug.

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Whenever you take medicine, do you check the container’s expiration date? If you don’t, you could be putting your health at risk. While aspirin will usually keep for a year or more, other drugs can become dangerous as they age or deteriorate. For example, when liquid evaporates from codeine cough syrup, it becomes more potent and can cause dizziness. In some people, an aged tetracycline can cause kidney damage. You can avoid such potential problems by exercising the following precautions:

1) Buy only the amount of medication that you expect to use soon, and always cap the bottle securely after using.

2) Keep all drugs in a cool, dry place. Heat and humidity can hasten deterioration.

3) Always check the expiration dates and inspect medication before using.

4) Throw away any drugs that have changed color; prescription drugs you are no longer taking; any tablets or capsules that are discolored, disintegrating, softened, stuck together, or that smell different from the original; any tablets or capsules that are past their expiration dates; and any tubes or creams that have changed their odors or have become hard or discolored.

5) Consult with your doctor or a pharmacist before you use any drugs prescribed for a previous illness— even if they have not passed their expiration dates.

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Several studies have confirmed the power of prayer in relieving tension and stress.The results from these scientific studies into the effect of prayer on stress reduction show that prayer is an effective means of evoking the relaxation response, which is the key to relieving tension and/or stress.

In one study, subjects were taught a basic relaxation technique- to make themselves comfortable, sit quietly and mentally repeat a word or phrase Even though the subjects were offered a choice of relaxing words, eight out of ten chose a word or phrase indicative of their personal faith. These people also stayed with the program longer and enjoyed better results in terms of improved health than did those people who used words not related to religion or faith.

The results suggest that, while any technique which evokes the relaxation response will help reduce stress, the most effective technique may be one that conforms to your faith or religious beliefs-something you have conviction in and are comfortable with. For many people, that technique seems to be prayer.

In another related study-conducted at Purdue University-researchers recently discovered that people who practice their religious faith consistently, tend to be healthier than people who do not or people who do not claim a religious affiliation.

The study, involving almost 1,500 people, revealed that those who practiced their faith regularly – church attendance, prayer, readings—were in better general health than those people who were not actively involved in regular religious worship or who had no religious affiliations.

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Breakfast

Oat Breakfast

1 bowel of oatmeal, prepared as directed on package 1-2 cups of lowfat milk 1-2 slices whole wheat toast 1 grapefruit or orange

Fruit Breakfast

Two generous servings of fruit (orange, grapefruit, mixed, or dried fruit) 1-2 cups low-fat milk 1-2 slices of whole wheat toast

Hearty Breakfast

1 boiled egg 1 bowel shredded wheat 1-2 cups of low-fat milk 1 glass of juice or serving of fruit 1-2 whole wheat muffins or corn muffins

Lunch or Dinner

Fajita Rice Meal

1 1/2 cups Minute Instant Brown Rice, 3/4lb flank steak, cut into thin strips, 1 medium onion sliced, 1 each green and red pepper sliced, 1 1/2 tea. garlic powder, 1 Tbls. oil, 1/2 cup water, 1/4 cup lime juice, 1 teas, hot pepper sauce, 1/4 teas, black pepper.

Prepare rice as directed on package, omitting margarine and salt. Cook and stir meat, vegetables and garlic powder in hot oil in large skillet until browned. Add remaining ingredients, bring to boil. Reduce heat and simmer 5 minutes. Serve over rice. Makes 4 servings.

Salad Lunch

One large salad — lettuce, spinach, tomatoes, carrots, celery. 1 small serving of pasta 1 slice of whole wheat bread 1 glass iced peppermint tea

Fish Lunch

1 baked fish 1 cooked vegetable (green beans, corn, etc.) 1 generous helping of raw vegetables (carrots, celery) 1 small baked potato small glass of milk or iced pepermint tea to drink

15-Minute Meals Of 600 Calories Or Less

Beans And Rice

1/2 cup of canned black beans on a bed of 1 cup of quick-cooking brown rice; with chopped, raw onions; 1/2 ounce of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese; and a dash of Tabasco.

1 slice of bread with a half teaspoon of margarine. 1 orange 2 low-fat cookies

Pasta

1 cup of vermicelli, topped with 1/2 cup of commercial spaghetti sauce 1 cup of frozen Italian vegetables 2 tablespoons of Parmesan cheese 1 sourdough roll 1 12 ounce packet of dried fruit

Turkey

4 ounces of medium-sliced turkey, 1 /2 ounce of Swiss cheese, lettuce, tomato, and sprouts in a whole-wheat pita pocket

broccoli florets (raw) with low-fat salad dressing

an apple

Tuna

water-packed tuna low-fat mayonnaise chopped celery lettuce 1 slice of 7-grain bread 1 can of vegetable soup 8 ounce glass of skim milk tangerine 2 low-fat cookies (ginger snaps or low-fat oatmeal cookies)

Potato

1 large, microwaved potato (baked) topped with 1/2 cup of canned chili and 1/2 ounce of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese

1 fresh pear 2 ounces of wholewheat pretzels

Recommendations

Drink few if any caffinated bevereages and replace them with juice drinks or herbal teas.

Eat less meat and fat-containing products and less high sugar foods. Replace with more fruits and vegetables.

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Today’s busy lifestyles have led to an increased popularity of fast-food restaurants. We like fast food because it’s quick and convenient. But, if you’ve made changes in your diet to avoid high-fat, cholesterol-rich and sodium-heavy food, can you still enjoy the fare at a fast-food restaurant? The answer to that question depends on the restaurant and what type of food they offer.

Most fast foods provide some of the nutrients you need, including some vitamins, minerals and protein. However, they don’t often provide calcium, and vitamins A and C. They also have a tendency to be high in fat, sodium, and calorie content relative to the nutrients they provide. They can also be low in fiber. An order consisting of a cheeseburger, large fries and a shake can contain nearly 28 grams of saturated fat. In just one meal such as that, you’ve most likely come pretty close to your daily fat, cholesterol, sodium, and caloric allowance.

The good news is that many fast-food establishments are taking steps to accommodate people who are concerned about the nutritional value of their food. For example, many fast-food restaurants have switched from frying food in saturated beef tallow to polyunsaturated vegetable oil. Also grilled chicken and lower-fat beverages, such as 2% milk are now being offered by many outlets. Salads and reduced-calorie dressings have become standard items on most fast-food menus. And several of the biggest fast-food chains are now providing reduced-fat hamburgers, such as McDonald’s McLean Deluxe, a hamburger with less than half the fat of their Quarter pounder.

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